Sunday, September 19, 2010

Junior Grammar Notes - 9/21

ITS and IT’S
•       ‘It’s’ refers to ‘it is’ or ‘it has.’
•       ‘Its’ shows ownership.

Comma Tip #4
•       Use commas to set off parenthetical and transitional expressions.
•       Hint: parenthetical [P] expressions add comments or information.  They often interrupt the flow of a sentence.
•       Hint: transitional [T] expressions, conjunctive adverbs (words such as however and furthermore), and other words and phrases used to connect parts of sentences are set off with commas.

Tip #4 Examples
•       Some studies, incidentally, have shown that chocolate, of all things, helps to prevent tooth decay. [P]
•       Roald Dahl’s stories, it turns out, were often inspired by his own childhood. [P]
•       Ozone is a by-product of dry cleaning, for example. [T]
•       Ceiling fans are, moreover, less expensive than air conditioners. [T]

Comma Tip #5
•       Use commas to set off dependent clauses.
•       Hint: Dependent clauses
¡  Cannot stand alone.
¡  Contain a subject and verb but not a complete thought
¡  Markers: after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while
•       Hint 2: Independent clauses
¡  Can stand alone.
¡  Contain a subject, verb, and complete thought
¡  Sentence
Tip #5 Examples
•       The two drivers involved in the accident, who have been convicted of drunken driving, should lose their licenses. [dependent clause]
•       Drivers who have been convicted of drunken driving should lose their licenses. [independent clause]
•       Colin went to the ski lounge, which was crowded with many skiers. [dependent clause]
•       Colleen went to the pawn shop that was located near her home. [independent clause]

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